Image of Hand Pressing Futuristic Tablet

Impact to the bioanalytical community of the FDA issuance of the draft guidance on biomarker qualification: evidentiary framework

The FDA released a Draft Guidance in December (2018) on the evidentiary framework andstandards required to achieve qualified biomarkers. It is intended to cover a regulatory gap related to the use of biomarkers outside of specific drug programs. As such, this Draft Guidance supports the Qualification of Drug Development Tools section (507) of the 21st Century Cures Act enacted on December 13, 2016 and provides the framework for developing the data set (evidence) supporting designation of a biomarker as qualified for a particular context of use (COU). Within this context of use, the qualified biomarker,“…can be relied on to have a specific interpretation and application in drug development and regulatory review…”While biomarkers measured by medical devices are outside the scope of the Draft Guidance, the Agency broadens the practical scope beyond qualified biomarkers to include the evidence needed to support the use of biomarkers in INDs, NDAs and BLAs:

“Many principles discussed in this guidance could also be appropriate when considering the evidence scientifically sufficient to support the use of a biomarker in an individual drug development program (e.g., investigational new drug application, new drug application, or biologics license application submissions).”

This extension, and the language present in the latter part of the document, aligns well with last year’s FDA Final Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation (BMV) that for the first time brought biomarkers measured by Ligand Binding Assays (LBA) and mass spectrometry into a regulated context.

证据框架旨在定义支持生物标志物资格所需的证据的类型和程度。列出的是必须解决的四个特定区域:

(1)describing the drug development need,

(2)定义COU,

(3)considering potential benefits if the biomarker is qualified for use, and

(4)考虑到与拟议使用生物标志物在药物开发计划中相关的潜在风险

指导草案在一些细节中解决了这些指导,但在其要求中并没有过度僵化或规范性,以表彰巨大的生物标志物和他们在药物开发中的用途都无法详细介绍。通过使用FDA-NIH最佳分类的生物标志物最佳分类(诊断生物标志物,监测生物标志物,药效学/反应生物标志物,预测生物标志物,预后生物标志物,安全生物标志物,易感性/风险生物标志物),指导草案最大限度地减少了潜在的不一致和混乱从创建一个不同的术语。指导草案还将分析验证(测定性能特征)与临床验证(生物标志物的相关性和兴趣结果的相关)区分。

文件的重要部分涉及用于测量生物标志物的测试的“分析考虑因素”。这里,语言类似于BMV,因为该测定应该是“鲁棒,敏感的,足够的足够特定的,以支持由COU定义的决定”,而BMV列出六种测定特性(精度,精度,选择性,灵敏度,再现性和稳定)。有趣的是,指导草案建议,该检验是一个3部分制度,以获得由测定的来源或材料组成的结果,试验本身以及结果如何解释。这种总体方法确保不仅在验证中考虑的测定,而且还不仅是样本收集,运输和存储等过程是该过程的基本组成部分,而且不仅必须考虑,而且定义,以获得可靠的测量。最后一项,解释,将测量结果放置在疾病和健康患者的光谱内,以确保正确利用测量,并与正常和疾病状态范围的临床化学实践一致。关于实际测定,在BMV(例如,试剂批次,程序)内更详细地定义的问题确保在未来对测定的变更时,存在充足的文件并支持风险评估。随着上述证据框架的四个组成部分,指导草案建议在进程期间指定测定标准(例如,范围,精度),考虑三个其他因素:

(1)The performance characteristics of existing measurement methods

(2)The biological variability of the biomarker in the populations of interest, if known

(3)预期的生物标志物变化的最小幅度会影响拟议的COU的决定(即,截止群体的截止或从基线确定变更)

通过支持药物发育的LBA和质谱生物分批社区已经广泛讨论了这些因素。

此外,虽然参考了对组织病理学的FDA指导(用于使用组织病理学的考虑及其相关方法以支持生物标志物资格),但BMV不是。由于指导草案侧重于制定合格的生物标志物,因此可以将BMV参考的遗漏视为原子能机构不希望在修订过程中打开“选择”加入“的原子能机构。在未来的最终指导下,将有利于医疗和制药行业包括或特别排除BMV,特别是由于该文件的背景部分,因此参考了在实践中适用于药物开发的指导草案的考虑因素。

总体而言,指导草案并未改变拟订毒品开发的LBA和LC-MS医生的现状。正如预期的那样,确实提供了对代理期望的额外监管清晰度。

You may also like...

Popular Articles...